MESENCHYMAL stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a source of stem cells that can be easily harvested and differentiated into numerous cells. Over the past few decades, these cells have been introduced as promising therapeutic candidates for different diseases. Different studies have shown the role of these cells in regenerative medicine. TUMOR growth is correlated with the interactions between MSCs and TUMOR cells in the TUMOR microenvironment. The precise key role played by MSCs in the progression of TUMORs is under question, and the effect of MSCs on the TUMOR is controversial it might involve the development of TUMOR initiation or prevent the spread of already existing ones. In this study, we reviewed the role of MSCs in the TUMOR microenvironment and their influence on promoting or inhibiting TUMOR progression.

Gastric liposarcoma is very rare such that only a few cases have been reported to date.We present a case of a 62 - year - old diabetic man who presented with epigastric pain, vomiting, constipation and melena. The physical examination was unremarkable. By computed tomography (CT), a large mass with low attenuation value was seen in the left abdominal cavity. Histologic examination of a gastric biopsy was nondiagnostic. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy. On microscopic examination, the turnor showed features of a benign lipoma but with a distinctive capillary network and dense fibrotic areas. In immunohistochemial staining, positive S100 and negative CD117 reactions were seen, and less than 1 %; Ki67 positive cells could be found. These findings suggested a highly differentiated gastric liposarcoma.

Breast Sarcomas have relatively been rare and accounted for 1% of all primary malignant TUMORs of the breast. Pure and primary chondrosarcoma of the male breast would be an extremely rare TUMOR. It might arise either from the breast stroma itself, or from underlying bone or cartilage. A 65-year-old man has presented with a rapidly growing breast mass since 5 months. Physical examination has established a large firm to hard mass with regular margins in the region of right breast. There was no axillary lymphadenopathy. Contrast enhanced MRI of breasts has shown a mixed-signal intensity multi lobulated cystic-solid mass (10.4 cm×10.3 cm×9.9 cm) appearing predominantly hyper intense on T2W and hypo intense on T1W. The TUMOR has diagnosed as a low-grade chondrosarcoma of the breast by histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Right sided radical mastectomy with grafting has done. It has seemed to be very important to identify the mammary primary sarcomas as entity separated from the carcinomas of the breast.

Objective: MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with the ability to home in on sites of injury. They can be used as a potential vehicle for gene and cell therapy. Lack of immunogenicity and immunosuppressive phenotypes lead to expanded investigation of their homing in on TUMORs.Materials and Methods: Balb/c mice were implanted with adenocarcinoma of breast, making a model of breast cancer. GFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing MESENCHYMAL stem cells were cultured and injected to the tail vein of all breast cancer balb/c mice models. Three mice were sacrificed after 4, 12 and 15 days each. Samples of liver, lung, spleen and bone marrow were assayed by flowcytometry, comparing with the control group.Results: Flowcytometry analysis showed that the concentration of MSC in lung tissue was higher than the other tissues. Minute amount of cells were seen in spleen and bone marrow tissues.Conclusion: Increased tendency of MSCs to the lung tissue may have stemmed from entrapment of these cells in this tissue.Increasing MSC number may compensate the lung entrapment. Moreover using more sensitive methods may help to detect probable implanted cells.

Context: Metastasis is a main cause of death in patients with cancer, whereby TUMOR cells withdraw from the primary site of the TUMOR mass and produce secondary TUMOR mass in new sites. Primary TUMOR cells depart collectively and individually to invade closed and distant sites. Evidence Acquisition: This review considers TME-derived factors that actuate signaling pathways to induce epithelialMESENCHYMAL transition (EMT). National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) was the main resource. Google Scholar and Scopus were other databases for finding articles. Keywords that were inserted into the search box of databases to identify related articles were ‘ metastasis’ , ‘ invasion’ , ‘ epithelial-MESENCHYMAL transition’ , ‘ EMT’ , ‘ TUMOR microenvironment’ , ‘ TME’ , ‘ TME cells’ , and ‘ signaling pathway in EMT’ . Titles and abstracts of the articles were studied to choose the right articles. Finally, 107 articles were selected to study in detail and use as references. Results: EMT is a type of metastasis that deprives epithelial single-cells of their characteristic features and acquires MESENCHYMAL features facilitating the departure from the primary TUMOR mass. During EMT, cell-adhesion and apical-basal polarity rapture and cells obtainmovementcapability. The TUMOR microenvironment (TME) leadsEMTthrough secretion factors and signaling pathways. As a result of activating these pathways, transcription factors that abolish epithelial gene expressions and augment MESENCHYMAL gene expression are induced. Conclusions: In this review, recent research published in TME and EMT fields were highlighted and critically appraised. Effect of factors-derivedTMEcells onEMTwere manifested that propose favorite targets for a therapeutic goal to inhibit metastasis. However, data about the effect of the combination of TME cells on metastasis have a small part in the literature.